The movement of populist writers was a main theoretical-political current in the 1930s. The study examines the origins and periods of this movement. Populist writers expressed the discontent of middle classes, who were disapproving or opposing the regime but the ruling elite considered the threat of communists uniting with peasant movements more dangerous thus it tolerated or even supported the movement of the "populists". The study also shows why the program of the "third way" cannot be considered as a program of socialism.