The author gives a picture of the image of the Soviet Union held by groups of various political trends in Hungary during the Horthy era, from the communists to the various bourgeois ideologies and the Hungarian fascists. His main conclusion is that it is not the scale at which the Soviet Union was rejected but rather its nature what divided the various forces. He stresses that for a long time to come, not the liberalism rejecting dictatorial rule is the main opposition of the forces of socialism: they are on the same side in their opposition to the conservative, nationalistic dictatorships.

This document is an abbreviated publication of the statement with which the already united Trotski and Kameniev-Zinoviev groups tried in the last minute to stop Stalin's dictatorship to absolutely prevail in Russian society. In the parts published, the authors launch an attack against the capitalist elements of the NEP period and the Stalinist-bureaucratic features which are termed as intertwined with the above, and they try to obstruct the turn that pushes the workers again to a complete state of subordination.

We start a series introducing left wing and Marxist theoretical periodicals with this French journal which is close to our one. In connection with that, we carry a conversation with the journal's editor-in-chief, Gilbert Wassermann about the goals of the paper, the basic principles of editing it, the idea of future, the relationship and attitude to capitalism and the expected fate of (Eastern) Europe, etc.

The article – which has been published for the first time now – is the text of a lecture given last spring. It follows through the history of the Russian model directing the reader's attention to a number of new points of view. He states that the illusion of the possibility to introduce socialism was a common mistake of the bolsheviks and the social democrats. In Russia at the beginning of this century the Leninist road was more feasible than that of the social democracy. He argues that Marxism-Leninism is in fact the ideology of national catching up of the half-peripheries. He deducts the relative survivability of Stalinism from the need of original accumulation on the one hand, and on the other, he claims that the Stalinist model was also in the interest of the USA: in this way, the Soviet Union fulfilled its own regional role in the Pax Americana. The main goal of Khruschev's reforms was to calm down the elite and their failure came from the irrational belief in growth and the playing down of meeting the welfare demands. He judges the present chances pessimistically from the point of view of perestroika, however, optimistically from the point of view of socialism because he thinks that the true chance of Marxism has arrived now.