The 9/11 of 1973 military coup, the brutal eradication of the socialist attempt and the murder of president Salvador Allende was a tragedy in world history – as it obvious from a perspective. The questions raised by the author are still valid: is it possible to transform the society if bourgeois institutions and its constitution are maintained, is it worth to study analyses missing class relations etc. The Chilean story has to be retold – as poet Attila József also warns – that no victory can be won by chance, without a battle.

"This is why the meaning of free spiritual production cannot be understood in an idealistically absolutized sense, no matter how great the temptation might be to do so. For even in the work of the greatest intellectual figures be they creative artists or theoreticians [… it] continues to respond […] to the actually given conditions by making its own significant impact upon the emerging transformations of the existent. Nonetheless 'free spiritual production' is free in the genuine sense – and for the same reason also carries a great responsibility as an intellectual enterprise – precisely in the virtue of its undeniable active role in intervening, for better or worse in the unfolding historical process of which it is an integral part."

In historians' circles it is common to describe the democratic transformation in Spain as the merit of the Francoist elite. In fact, the political transition was preceded by nearly two decade long movements developed from below and it was forced by the radical democratization of the masses and their growing protests against authoritarianism. The emerging movements identified themselves as victims of the Franco regime that created the bond between them and provided the necessary solidarity and moral superiority during the fight against the regime.

Due to the lack of institutionally supported fundamental research and ideologically established partial taboos this topic is hardly examined. With selected resources, he shows that in this era church leaders transformed Catholicism into a racist concept, which excluded converted Jews as well, rejecting their assimilation. Instead of actual protection moral consolation was offered.