Afghanistan lives through a dangerous time of chance in the world now becoming multipolar, and faces chaos again. Anyhow, the perspective for parties on the middle term is not gloom here and in other countries in the 'Crisis' Crescent in Asia: they became indispensable elements in the region of extreme importance for global strategy teaming up with other non-governmental (tribal, ethnic, religious and civic) organizations.

The essay focuses on presenting Peter Markus' 1988 lecture, which makes a critical analysis of the reform programs suggested that time. The lecture makes an account of almost all threats and possible mistakes that came true after the systemic change as actual experience.

Kristó Nagy István: Az ám, Hazám! Örökségünk, Trikolor Könyvkiadó Kft., Budapest, 2008.

The history of systemic changes in East-Europe began in Poland. The negotiated transformation that was often presented as an ideal case has been celebrated at its 20th anniversary both by the political elite and mainstream media. The article highlights the less known background events that in fact set the path for the Polish systemic change. The self-transformation of Solidarity, the fall of the idea of workers' self-governance and the parallel advance of the neoliberal model is at centre. How could the neoliberal scenario of the IMF and World Bank triumph in a country where a mass movement of predominantly workers with ten million members was also on the stage?

It seemed for a long time that radical movements of the Left and Arab nationalists oppose each other. Nevertheless, alliances were formed by them that have fundamentally reshaped the political field in Palestine, Lebanon and Egypt.