The authors examine how the Polish steel industry and the life of steelworkers changed after the system change. First, they give an overall picture of downsizing the industry in Poland, its international context (especially between Poland and the EU), and the role of unions in this transformation. Their important conclusion is that governments have applied the so-called passive labour market strategy that is they have not focused on re-employment, re-training but on severance payment, early retirement etc. instead. Second, they examine private life carers by personal interviews. They conclude that the picture "from below" is more complex, although the common experience in general shows that workers in their "survival" can count on themselves, their families and close friends only.

The author reviews the nearly century long history of Roma self-organisation and examines whether Roma people are able to establish a functioning nation at the beginning of the 21^st century – following the East European nation building model described by Miroslav Horch and Emil Niederhauser. Although the author does not want to "question the existence and capabilities of the unified Roma nation" but doubts that Roma people, living at the margins of the European society and partly scattered, will broadly support the idea of a Roma nation and self identity in the near future.

The article is only available in Hungarian.

The author examines – through historical documents – the forms of workers resistance in Hungary in the 50s reactions to the state cutting back on workers' income by increasing production norms and shortages in state organised supply caused by forceful collectivisation in agriculture. According to the study, the retreat from and later absence of collective protest cannot be explained by strong suppression only. Workers and especially women have invested more and more in their private sphere that completed the uncertain and low income from the state sector securing the living of families. Not even the most successful families were completely self-sufficient but the experience gained in the 50s became a key factor in the development of the ideal of social privatisation.

The author points out the endogenous ineffectiveness of capitalism that is regarded by mean stream authors as anomalies but from a community viewpoint the "effectiveness" of capitalism gets a different angle. Let's the ball from the dots!

The article is only available in Hungarian.