The role of anarchists in the fight of the Spanish Republic is not known properly even by the experts of this topic. Thus the actual context and extent of foreign intervention should be presented and its full role in the outcome of the civil war.

During Barcelona May Days, clashes broke out between troops of the popular-front government and radical revolutionary forces in May 1937. By analysing the events of the uprising and the following retaliation, the article values the chances of the popular front policy in a special historic constellation – during the revolutionary upheaval.        

The author reviews fractions of the Spanish anarchism in connection to traditional Spanish regionalism – their history and place in the political-ideological map. The study gives weight on anarchist ideas on production, land ownership and industrial governance.

The author continues his work on the legacy of Lenin on the so called organisation question. The study reconstructs Lenin's views on the party in the early days – showing it by historical sources. Revolutionary party can be established only in revolutionary times. Due to lack of revolutionary working class movement an emigrant syndrome had developed. The debate between Lenin and Bogdanov (1907-1912) after the failed revolution is exiting, because actual theoretical and methodological conclusions can be based on it. Lenin represented the Marxist approach to politics in a given historical situation against Bogdanov, Mensheviks and the so called leftist Bolsheviks.

The study reviews the history of popular fronts between the two World Wars, focusing mainly on criteria of interpreting it, and also discusses the reality of ideas and tactics of popular fronts after World War II until recent times. The study aims to rise questions, which induce optimal political answers against present right-extremist and authoritarian global tendencies.