The liberalization of international trade does not'lead to either the increase of general welfare or a convergence of national economies. On the contrary, there are many ways how liberalization improves the positions of the well-off nation states and accelerates the relative or absolute impoverishment of the poor. In the recent decades, this process took place with the help of GATT and WTO.

The homoneous world order was created by the world markets, though it is very much an ecological phenomenon. The attempts of creating a rational world rule have led to the exhaustion of resources. The globalization of economic life and of ecological crises mounts a new challenge against the current system of political regulation.

The Dialectic of Enlightenment was perhaps the most important critique of the enlightenment by Marxist authors, and also a most remarkable contribution of the Frankfurt School.

Philosopher Istvan Meszaros published his opus magnum under the title Beyond Capital. It quickly became popular in Western circles of progressive social science. (Istvan Meszaros: Beyond Capital. Towards a Theory of Transition. Merlin Press, London, 1995.)

Historian Gyorgy Foldes, head of the Institute of Political History, published his analysis shortly after the Socialist Party lost the 1998 parliamentary elections. (Gyorgy Foldes : Rendszer – hatalom és a baloldal Magyarországon 1994 után. [System – power and left in Hungary after 1994]. Napvilág Kiadó, Budapest, 1998.)