Bonzio questions those standpoints which consider the Gulf War as simply a North-South conflict. He argues that behind the North-South conflicts, there are North-North ones (that is those between the big powers in the centre). He differentiates between the horizontal and vertical conflicts within the capitalist world. Similarly to the regulation school, he thinks the engine of development are the changes of age of technology and organisation which also determine the conflicts. He links the vertical conflicts to the period of relative stability, while the horizontal ones to the changes of epoch proving that ultimately, it is always the North-North conflicts that are decisive. He thinks the capitalist world economy is the entity of centripetal and centrifugal movements, this first of the two being overweight While underlining the two-directional nature of the movements, he criticises the oversimplifying theory of exploitation of periphery. He stresses that it is the totality of centre-semi-periphery-periphery relations that ensures the reproduction of the capitalist world economy.

Burbach too, explains the Gulf War with the oil interests. He enumerates the American interventions and provides new examples to prove that they have not happened in the interests of "democracy". He proves by the example of Latin America (with the detailed analysis of the recent past of Nicaragua and Mexico) that the neo-liberal policy has failed to consolidate the democratic institutions of the less developed countries. Then discussing the American foreign political activities in Eastern Europe, he shows how does the Latin Americanisation of Eastern Europe serve direct American interests. The author who comes from the United States calls attention to the fact that an inner society which is in crisis in many ways is behind the USA's foreign policy. He sees the future of the American democracy in its broadening, "socialisation" and in the increase in the weight of the civil society.

The short news taken over from the international press discusses the fact of environmental destruction in Central America showing to what extent it is the consequence of the activities of the American monopolies, poverty they have induced as well as the (colonisation type) war forced onto the peoples of the region.

Thesis of an alternative European development (Keynote address by the Left Greens at the conference in the European Parliament in Strass-bourg on 21, November 1931). The programme-like writing starts out from the opportunities offered to aggressive capitalism provided by the collapse of the Soviet model, trying to encourage the search of a new (ecological centred, tolerant, democratic and exploitation denying) perspective of "social emancipation". The authors deny that any vanguard or parly system could play a role in creating such a road of development and stress the need for direct and pluralistic democracy.