The author critically analyses and sums up the main points in Lenin's Marxism the ones that contributed to the development of Marxism in the 20^th Century. The relationship of dialectics, theory and practice, that was in focus of Lenin's theoretical thinking, is not dead but a relevant historical lesson. The article gives an overview of Lenin's general approach, history perception and the starting points and conclusions, contradictions and the relevance to the present of Lenin's thoughts on revolution and socialism. "Lenin's heritage" is a centre of evil to many of the representatives of the ruling ideology, with a solid ground in fact, since this heritage cannot be integrated by the promoters of the capitalist system, because it is a clear social alternative against capitalism. The progressive and forward looking elements of Lenin's Marxism – after getting rid of the "Marxism-Leninism" of Stalinism and post-Stalinism – has been integrated into the further development of Marxism by Gramsci, Lukács and many others.

The article is only available in Hungarian. You can order a copy of the issue.

The essay of the Marx researcher has deep thoughts: first it confronts the systematisation of the heritage of the founding father with the openness of dialectics; second, he sees that political needs won over science in the reception in Russia. Facts of social practice have been replaced by the needs of scientific analysis as it happened with Kautsky – contrary to the efforts made by Gramsci at the same time.

Based on archive documents, the Russian author reconstructs how and on what considerations Lenin and Bolshevik leaders sent representatives of the former Russian intelligentsia into exile in 1922. Expelling the enemies of the revolution – from Berdyaev to Sorokin – had historical roots, several groups of the Russian intelligentsia were supporting the authoritarian regime against the 1905 Russian Revolution and after 1917 many of them – like Sergei Bulgakov or Peter Struve – actually supported the Whites and later waged a "class-war" against the new intelligentsia of the Soviet power. Although, the exile probably saved their life by escaping from Stalin's oppression but the traditional Russian culture still suffered a great loss.

The article is only available in Hungarian. You can order a copy of the issue.

Table of contents

1. Tütő László : 1956 as a language problem
2. Mark Pittaway : Rethinking the Hungarian Revolution: Industrial Workers, the Disintegration and Reconstruction of Socialism, 1953-1958
3. Krausz Tamás : About the 1956 workers councils
4. Dobos Gábor : Reasons of the soviet military intervention based on documents of CPSU Central Committee
5. Dömény János : 1956 and the Hispanic world
6. Lugosi Győző : 1956 and interstate relationships in the cold war system On Charles Gati: Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt
7. Bartha Eszter : The film on Mansfeld and those who reject it
8. Thoma László : An accurate handbook On Political transition in Hungary 1987-1990 by Zoltán Ripp
9. Kéri Elemér : Capitalism – Japanese style On Japanese road /conditions/ I-II by Bertalan Pethő)
10. Marcello Musto : Karl Marx: indiscreet fascination of the unfinished On Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe
11. Mitrovits Miklós : The eve of introducing the martial law in Poland, December 1981 (a historic document: the “notebook” of General Viktor Anoshkin)
12. Artner Annamária : Chances of employment policy in respect of labour market laws
13. Ékes Ildikó : Economic theories and the changing world
14. Efraim Zuroff : Eastern Europe: anti-Semitism in the wake of holocaust-related issues
15. Nagy László : Albert Wass and hungarism
16. Polonyi Péter : Dear editors,

The author suggests an interesting thesis in his contribution to the state socialism discussion – socialism is not an issue of the past but an actual question concerning the future of Europe. He regards the socialist-social democrat European political left capable of developing socialism. His starting point can be regarded as questioning the view of those authors who see no chance for the revival of the European social democracy.