We are living in a chaotic situation. Due to the structural crisis of the capitalist world economy, standard solutions for managing a shrinking economy do not work anymore, despite that politicians and experts keep assuring that the recovery is just around the corner. Fluctuations in everything are large and rapid and this applies as well to social protest. This is what we are seeing as the geography of protest constantly shifts.

A special and unique form of capitalism has evolved in Eastern Europe after the post-socialist transformation. This form is characterised by the unusual weak SMEs sector, an agricultural sector with few efficient capitalist large farms and many weak small farms often producing for self-subsistence and very weak labour in general. In these new systems, in addition to multinational companies, technocrats have a large weight in the evolving domestic capitalist elite, coming from the second rank of the former nomenclature and often with inherited bourgeois cultural capital.

In fact, the 'second edition' of capitalism is being created in Russia rather than of its 'restoration'. While pre-revolutionary Russia, although feudal-capitalistic and underdeveloped, was progressing, the present, now capitalistic Russia in turn is losing its population, declining in culture and science. Assembly lines now are advancing in sectors requiring advanced technology and scientific background. Industries, which were regarded progressive 30-40 years ago now stagnate. The traditional collective cultural activities of the Soviet times have disappeared, and are replaced by passive, individual free-time activities made at home, which characterise atomised societies. It is a special second edition, as global capitalism placed Russia on the semi-periphery, launching regressive and degrading processes.

Topics of the articles of this issue vary considerably but almost all of them are common in dealing with the fundamental contradictions of the capital system and capitalism, which are undermining the framework of human life. From Holocaust to the global crisis, the reader can find thorough analyses on the chances of escaping by social production as well as on cultural resistance. The debate on the world-systems analysis of Wallerstein is also continued. A series of photos, as a new feature of Eszmélet, present the artwork of Éva Keleti. We recommend reading on Auschwitz, the ghetto, defaulting states and the world system, economic collapse, Beatles, global crisis, postcoloniality and on escaping the grip of the state and capital.

The study outlines the main characteristics of the workers policies followed in the GDR and Hungary from the 1960s, and tries to answer why the labour class getting rid of the paternalistic control of the state party has not opposed the coming new, capitalist system. The welfare dictatorships tried to purchase the political support of the workers by promising a higher consumer satisfaction, while actual leftist solutions were closed for the masses.