In this lecture Arrighi gave in 1939, he provides a very thorough analysis of the idea of "semi-periphery". He questions the frequently quoted connection by which the level of development would be equivalent with the level of industrialisation. He interprets the latest stage of industrialisation as the shift of industry to the periphery and not as a peripheral development. He challenges the idea that unequal exchange would be the main basis of the economic power of the centre. In this process, the placement of capital and labour is more decisive. He puts forward the theory that this economy is based on the double nature of exploitation and exclusion and if a peripheral country fights against one of the two, then it is to lead to the trap of the other in most cases. Catching up is an illusion for the majority because the advantages they want to reach originate from the very fact that others are subordinated to exclusion and exploitation. Analysing the most different regions of the world, he states that on the scale of periphery-semi-periphery-periphery the up or down movement is exceptional. He opposes the anti-system and pro-system semi-periphery which despite the failure of the "anti-system" socialism is mostly more disadvantageous for the pro-system semi-periphery.
Category Archives: Periodical
From class struggle to struggle without clases
This social philosophical analysis started out from the questioning of the existence of classes. He differentiates between and juxtaposes the "economic" and "social" approaches to class relations and analyses the mistaken alternative which has taken the dual tradition of economist (social democratic) and overpoliticised (Leninist) form. He re-formulates the Marxist thesis that class is a sensible category only as a relationship and states that the idea of the working class is inseparable from the presence of the workers,' movement. From this he deducts the thesis the "class party" is contradictory in itself. He too, considers as the essence of modern capitalism the fact that it exists as a world system, as the division of the different societies on the basis of their development is a basic precondition of the reproduction of capital. As a consequence, he denies the existence of "world bourgeoisie" and "world proletariat", as even the struggle of interests in the world system is waged in the form of the struggle of nations.
The myth of reality. On the ideological-methodological shortcomings of Wallerstein’s development criticism
The author undertakes the task of pin-pointing the contradictions of Wallerstein's capitalism-idea with special regard to that aspect which can be found in his advancement concept by which he measures progress with the decrease in the level of exploitation. (This is just the opposite of the process which in fact, has taken place in history). In contrast to Wallerstein (and in harmony with Marx), the author argues that capitalism – although it has increased exploitation – has represented advancement in every respect, at the same time creating the conditions of going beyond it. Zalai expresses his doubts whether the centre-periphery relationship truly increases impoverishment and whether the impact of the centre to pull should not be taken into account with the same weigh.
No. 12 | (Winter 1991)
Eszmélet organised the 1st Theoretical Conference of Journals of Social-critique at the Youth Centre in Csillebérc Budapest on April 10-12, 1991. In this issue, we present selected writings of the participants of the conference (it can be the written version of the speeches made or a different study) and of invited persons who could not come (like Bidet, Laibman, Mészáros or Samary). We ask our readers to take into account that the original audience of most of the articles translated here were domestic readers of foreign journals, where the authors live. Nevertheless, we hope that articles reflecting the views of British, American, Italian, Austrian, French of Polish authors do have interesting points for Hungarian readers, since most of the studies focus on developments in East Europe, where we live.
In addition to articles related to the conference, we present two writings of André Gunder Frank from the Netherlands. This the continuation of our series presenting the 36 most renowned leftist thinkers that was started with publishing writings from Immanuel Wallerstein and that will be continued soon with articles from Samir Amin. (We have to note that the two articles of Wallerstein, the studies of Gunder Frank and the articles to be published from Amin all were sent to Eszmélet by the authors themselves.)
Table of contents
- Conference of journals of social-critique, Budapest 1991- Brief account
- Gus Fagan : Hungary – The collapse of Kadarism
- Andrea Komlosy, Hannes Hofbauer : Restructuring (Eastern) Europe
- Luciana Castellina : Remaning an Italian communist – reflections on the “death of socialism”
- Vietorisz Tamás : The global information economy, privatisation, and the future of socialism
- Jacques Bidet : A metastructural theory of modernity
- Barry K. Gills, Andre Gunder Frank : The cumulation of accumulation
- Andre Gunder Frank : Marketing demokracy in an undemocratic market
- David Laibman : Toward a working theory of the socialist economy
- Mészáros István : The decreasing rate of utilisation and the capitalist state
- Catherine Samary : The necessary self-government
- Bartosz Julian : Deep down – for undisjoinable values – Theses for the conference in Budapest on April 11-12, 1991
- Hungarian literaure on the system change 1989-1991
- Short introduction of journals present at the conference on April 11-12, 1991
New imperialism
The end of the cold war does not mean the establishment of a more peaceful world order. The well known British socialist theoretician, the editor-in-chief of International Socialism gives a detailed analysis of the economic growth and the changes of power positions in the world since World War II. He proves that the arms build up did not really decrease when certain disarmament treaties were achieved. He shows the key role of mititarism in the capitalist economy without which capital is unable to keep a balance and that it is exactly this, which undermines the economic balance. He calls attention to the dangers of the instability of the international power relations and the competition of the capitalist power centres.