In historians' circles it is common to describe the democratic transformation in Spain as the merit of the Francoist elite. In fact, the political transition was preceded by nearly two decade long movements developed from below and it was forced by the radical democratization of the masses and their growing protests against authoritarianism. The emerging movements identified themselves as victims of the Franco regime that created the bond between them and provided the necessary solidarity and moral superiority during the fight against the regime.

Due to the lack of institutionally supported fundamental research and ideologically established partial taboos this topic is hardly examined. With selected resources, he shows that in this era church leaders transformed Catholicism into a racist concept, which excluded converted Jews as well, rejecting their assimilation. Instead of actual protection moral consolation was offered.