The article reviews the sociological theories of postindustrial societies, and attempts to find the categories that describe and reproduce the new inequalities. It tries to explain why and how the conditions of socialization, the integration into the professional world and the individual trajectories have changed in the new structure. The prolonged period of adolescence brings about not only a re-evaluation of the role of family, family education and disciplining but also other forms of the reproduction of social inequalities. Academic titles and degrees are becoming more and more important that give an advantage in the flexible labor market besides the academic-cultural prestige.