The author analyses the emergence of what is called the "left wing opposition" in the Soviet Union. He states that the "leftists" who made a series of political mistakes did not have a lot of chances against the Stalinists which he traces back to the acceptance of the one party system and the fact that the mass basis which still existed during the revolution slowly diminished and melted away from behind the "pioneer guard" of the revolution as a result of the meagre conditions.